ENTP 301 Entrepreneurial Strategy

 

Assistant Professor Nicola Lacetera

Email: nicola.lacetera@case.edu

Office Phone: 216-368-2197

Office 280

 

Office hours

Mon 12:15pm-1:30pm

Wed 12:15pm-1:30pm

 

Course schedule

Section 1: MW, 9-10:15am

Section 2: MW, 10:3.0-11.45am

 

Room PLB106

 

 

 

A. Course Overview

 

This class is meant to introduce students to the major determinants of entrepreneurial behavior, strategic choices, success and failure. The course integrates a lecture style and an in-class discussion method, and is composed of nine parts, as follows:

 

  1. Introduction: Defining entrepreneurship and the relevance of entrepreneurial behavior for business, economic, and public policy purposes
  2. Who becomes an entrepreneur? Individual characteristics and entrepreneurial traits: innate or learned?
  3. Organizing for success
  4. Succeeding in competitive environments
  5. Industry dynamics: entry and exit, product life cycles, innovation.
  6. Institutions and entrepreneurship: adapting to different political, legal, and financial environments

 

  1. Special topic: the measurement of entrepreneurial behavior and success
  2. Special topic: the characteristics and dynamics of family firms, and founder’s succession
  3. Special topic: the role of new ventures in exploiting business opportunities, as opposed to established firms: why do we need new ventures?

 

Students will be assigned readings from the academic literature and the business and popular press. There will also be several case studies.

 

Students are expected to read the required readings and to comment on them in class. Some classes will be more “applied”, i.e. mostly dedicated to the discussion of case studies; other classes will be more “conceptual”, i.e. mostly dedicated to the discussion of articles and book chapters. Obviously, there will be strong links and complementarities between the two types of classes.

 

I will also list a series of optional readings. Do not be scared by the high number of these additional readings. You are not expected to read all of them, and will not be evaluated on them. Instead, each student is expected to pick (at least) one of these readings for each section of the course, and to send me a two-page comment on the optional reading he or she has chosen.

 

 

 

B. Audience

 

The class is of relevance to students interested in starting new businesses, as well as to students thinking about working in consulting or finance, and students interested in pursuing research and graduate studies.

 

In addition to students majoring in Management, students majoring in Economics and Accounting will find this class of interest. However, students from other majors and disciplines are more than welcome to join the class. 

 

This course might look different from a traditional Management class, because of its frequent reference to the academic literature rather than to practitioner oriented literature. My goal is to have you think critically about the concepts and empirical evidence that will be presented, and to conjecture how it can be insightful for managers and entrepreneurs. I also hope that some familiarity with the academic literature will help you to spot some pitfalls in the popular and practice-oriented literature, such as the determination of causal directions, selectivity and success biases (i.e. the fact that general implications are derived from the observation of a non-representative sample of companies, e.g. the most successful ones), and the provision of easy “recipes for success” – if obtaining success was so easy, why do we see so many failures?

 

As a complement to this class, ENTP 311 “New Venture Creation” offers a more practice-oriented flavor to the topic of entrepreneurship. You should therefore see ENTP 301 and ENTP 311 as complementary classes, or as part of a “sequence”.

 

In any case, you should see the focus of this class on the applications to entrepreneurial and strategic issues and not on concepts and technicalities. For example, claims from the academic literature (both theoretical and empirical) will be scrutinized also through the lenses of their relevance for real world situations.

 

Prerequisites

Familiarity with basic concepts and notions in microeconomics at the level of ECON 102 or higher, of statistics/econometrics at the level of STAT 207 and (possibly) ECON 326, and of accounting at the level of ACCT 101, is recommended.

Remember however that the course is not about technicalities, and that the ultimate goal is to assess the relevance and implications of what we learn in class for entrepreneurial and strategic success. Economics concepts are only instrumental to understanding the phenomena of interests. I will also spend some time in class refreshing some basic concepts, as they become relevant in the course.

 

 

C. Requirements and Grading

 

Class Attendance and Participation

I expect you to come to class (and to tell me in advance if you have to miss one), and to actively participate in the discussion. The first half of each class will be spent discussing the required readings and cases. Therefore, please come prepared by reading the assigned papers in advance. I tried to limit the amount of readings for each class to a reasonable number of pages so as to increase the likelihood that you’ll read the papers and cases. I will post case discussion questions on Blackboard.

In-class participation will count for about 30% of the final grade.

 

 

Memos

Each student will send me a two-page comment on one of the optional readings he or she has chosen, among those suggested, for each of the first six sections. Students will also pick at least one reading from one of the three special sections. In total, each student is required to write up seven memos.

While I do not require any specific format and content for the memos, I expect you to address at least some of the following questions:

 

1. What is the topic the paper addresses, or the question it is asking?

2. What methods do the authors adopt to answer the question (empirical research, theoretical-modeling approach, case studies, literature survey…)?

3. What are the main conclusions of the authors, or the “Punch Line” of the paper?

4. Do you think that the research question of the paper is a relevant one? What is the relevance for strategy and entrepreneurship? What did you learn that you did not know already?

5. How are the points of the paper related to business cases and real world facts we looked at in class or that you have knowledge of?

6. What are the implications for entrepreneurial activities and for strategic decision making?

7. Do you think the methods chosen by the authors are appropriate? Are the authors rigorous in applying those methods?

 

As you can see, none of these guiding questions really require a complete knowledge and understanding of the readings. In fact, some of the papers may apply methods and technicalities you are not necessarily supposed to know. Don’t panic: the key aim of the assignments is to train you in capturing the main point of the papers rather than focusing on methods and technicalities per se (it is likely that I myself will not be able to understand some of the technical issues in the papers…). In other words, feel free to skim over the more technical parts of a paper, and focus instead on the main conceptual points and empirical findings.

 

These “guiding questions” should also be applied to the required readings for each class, and you should be prepared to answer to them during our discussions.

 

Ideally, the memos should be sent on the day of the last class of the section they refer to.

The memos will count for another 30% of the final grade.

 

 

The final paper

The final paper is a team project and I expect the teams to be composed of four or five students. You are asked to pick one of the topics we study in the course (or part of it), and do a critical review of the literature in the field. The review should touch on the points highlighted by the memo questions: relevance of the issues, description of the main studies, relevance of the studies for entrepreneurial and managerial practices, and relation to cases and real-world evidence. You are also encouraged to use a specific example you have knowledge of, and/or some of the cases we saw in class, in order to illustrate the major claims of your paper, or one or more of the cases we discussed.

 

Again, the focus should be more on the general concepts than on specific issues and technicalities, and on the applications of these concepts. The additional readings I propose for each session are a good start for your review, but feel free to look for further interesting work. I will be happy to provide you with additional references and I will help you identify the main sources where to look for relevant literature.

 

I expect the teams to be formed by the third week of September, and I would like to meet all the teams at least once during the term – possibly earlier on, in order to discuss the topic you chose and to help you out with looking for literature, framing the issue and so on.

When the teams are formed earlier, there is a natural bias toward choosing topics we already saw in class. I would like some of you to be “braver” and explore some of the issues we did not see yet, before we do in class, for your final paper.

 

Please limit the paper to 15-20 pages, 1.5-spaced, 12 font. The paper is due on the last day of classes, and will make up for the remaining 40% of the final grade.

 

 

 

D. Course material

 

Most of the readings are freely available online through major databases the university subscribes to, such as Jstor, RepEc, ProQuest, SSRN and the like. I added links to these readings in the detailed syllabus below. Some readings, and especially the cases, are not freely available. They will be available online in a course pack, through www.xanedu.com. Finally, I will put some readings on Blackboard.

 

 

E. Academic Integrity

 

University policy on plagiarism and academic integrity will be rigorously enforced. The University does not tolerate cheating or plagiarism in any form. Cheating or plagiarism will result in a failing grade. Ignorance is not considered an excuse. If you are not sure whether or not something you plan to submit would be considered either cheating or plagiarism, please do not hesitate to ask me, or your other faculty.

 

 

 

F. Students with Disabilities

 

I will be happy to meet with students with disabilities and who may need individual arrangements. The Coordinator of Disability Services can be contacted at 216-368-5230.
G. Topics and readings

 

There will be six “general” sections and 3 special sections. The class will meet twice a week. Cases are indicated with a [C].

 

 

1. Introduction (1 week)

 

a.       Definitions. What is an entrepreneur? Looking beyond the “production function”

                                       i.      Multiple definitions for multiple purposes: entrepreneurship as entry, innovation, self-employment, small business.

b.      Why do we care about entrepreneurship?

                                       i.      Many want to start their own business

                                     ii.      Does entrepreneurship (always) pay?

                                    iii.      Entrepreneurship as an engine of economic development and growth

c.       Why entrepreneurial strategy?

                                       i.      Firms (even entrepreneurial ones!) are rarely “alone”: understand competitive environments, competitive dynamics, industry structure, industry evolution

                                     ii.      Explain differences in performance among seemingly similar ventures

d.      Description of the course, requirements, grading, readings.

 

 

 

Class 1                                                                                                            Aug. 28

 

Required Readings

 

Economist, 2006: “Searching for the invisible man”, March 9th.

Bhide, 1996: “The questions every entrepreneur must answer”, Harvard Business Review (12 pages) [Course Pack]

 

 

Class 2                                                                                                            Aug. 30

 

Required Readings

 

[C] “R&R”, HBS case [Course Pack]

 

Stern, S., 2005: “Economic Experiments – The role of Entrepreneurship in Economic Prosperity”, Kauffman Foundation, pages 16-21.

 

 

Optional readings for section 1 (pick one for your 2-page memo)

 

Shane, S. and Ventakaranam, S., 2000: “The Promise of Entrepreneurship as a Field of Research”, Academy of Management Review, 25, 1, pages 217-226 [ProQuest]

Baumol, W., 1990: “Entrepreneurship: productive, unproductive, and destructive”, Journal of Political Economy, 98, 5, 893-921. [Jstor]

Schumpeter, J., 2005: “Development”, Journal of Economic Literature, 43, 1, 108-120. [EBSCO]

Evans, D. and Leighton, L., 1989: “Some empirical aspects of entrepreneurship”, American Economic Review, 79, 3, 519-535. [Jstor]

Geroski, P. 1995: “What do we know about entry?”, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13, 4, 421-440. [EJC]

 

Hamilton 2000: JPE: “Does entrepreneurship pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self Employment”, Journal of Political Economy, 108, 3, 604-631. [Jstor]

Parker, S.C., 2005: “The economics of entrepreneurship”, Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 1, 1, 1-54.

 

Holmes, T.J. and Schmitz, J.A., 1995: “On the turnover of business firms and business managers”, Journal of Political Economy, 103, 5, 1005-1038. [Jstor]

 

Kortum-Lerner, 2000: “Assessing the contribution of venture capital on innovation”, RAND Journal of Economics, 31, 4, 674-692. [Jstor]

 

Schmalensee, R., 1985: “Do markets differ much?”, American Economic Review, 75, 3, 341-351. [Jstor]

Rumelt, R.P., 1991: “How Much Does Industry Matter?” Strategic Management Journal, 12, 3 167-185. [Jstor]

 

Cowling, M. and Bygrave, W., 2003: “Entrepreneurship and Unemployment”, Babson Forum on Entrepreneurship Research.

 

 

 


2.     Who becomes an entrepreneur? A look at individual characteristics (2 weeks)

 

a.       “Nature”: innate characteristics and their importance

b.      “Nurture”: education, skills, power, experience, learning, social networks…

c.       Who succeeds as an entrepreneur?

d.      Unobserved heterogeneity and the problem of causality

 

 

Class 3                                                                                                            Sept. 6

 

Required Readings

 

[C] “Joseph Sanda”, Small Business Week Winners, Ohio 2002 (1 page)

[C] “Diane MacWilliams”, Small Business Week Winners, Illinois 2002 (1 page)

[C] “Adrian Lugo”, Entrepreneurial Success Award Winners, Washington (1 page)

[C] Caine, N., 2006: “Flu jabs kickstart doctor’s firm”, The Sunday Times, June 18th (1 page)

[C] Economist, 2006: “Surfing the Airways”, July 13th.

                                                            

Shane et al., 2006: is the tendency to engage in self­-employment genetic? [Blackboard]

 

 

Class 4                                                                                                            Sept 11

 

Required Reading

 

[C] “3M: Profile of an Innovating Company”, HBS Case [Course Pack]

 

Colin Camerer, C. and Lovallo, D., 1999: “Overconfidence and Excess Entry: An Experimental Approach”, American Economic Review, 89, 1, 306-318. [Jstor]

 

 

Class 5                                                                                                            Sept 13

 

Required Reading

 

Blanchflower, D. and Oswald, A., 1998:: “What makes an entrepreneur?”, Journal of Labor Economics, 16, 1, 26-60. [Jstor]

 

 

Class 6                                                                                                            Sept 18

 

Required Reading

 

Lazear, E., 2005: “Entrepreneurship”, Journal of Labor Economics, 23, 4, 649-680. [EBSCO]

 

 

 

 

Optional readings for section 2 (pick one for your 2-page memo)

 

 

Evans, D. and Leighton, L., 1989: “Some empirical aspects of entrepreneurship”, American Economic Review, 79, 3, 519-535. [Jstor]

Klepper, S., 2002: “Capabilities and Industry Evolution in the automobile industry”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 11, 4, 645-666. [EJC]

Bala, V. and Goyal, S., 1994: “The Birth of a New Market”, Economic Journal, 104, 423, 282-290. [Jstor]

Wong Y., 1986: “Entrepreneurship, Marriage, and Earnings”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 68, 4, 693-699. [Jstor]

 

Uzzi, B., 1996: “Sources and Consequences of Embeddedness for the Economic Performance of Organizations: the Network effect”, American Sociological Review, 61, 4, 674-698. [Jstor]

Rauch, J., 2001: “Business and Social Networks in International trade”, Journal of economic Literature, 39, 4, 1177-1203. [Jstor]

 

Dahlqvist-Daviddson, 2002: “Business Start-Up Reasons and Firm Performance”, Babson Forum on Entrepreneurship Research.

 

Bertrand, M. and Schoar, A., 2003: “Managing with Style”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, 4, 1169-1208. [EBSCO]

Zucker, L., Darby, M. and-Brewer, 1998: “Intellectual Human Capital and the birth of the US Biotechnology Industry”, American Economic Review, 88, 1, 290-306. [Jstor]

Foss, N., 2001: “Leadership, Beliefs and Coordination”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 10, 2, 357-388. [EJC]

Jones, B. and Olken, B., 2005: “Do Leaders Matter? National Leadership and Growth Since World War II” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120, 3, 835-864. [EBSCO]

Klepper, S. and Thompson, P., 2006: “Intra-industry spinoffs”, working paper.

Hamilton 2000: JPE: “Does entrepreneurship pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self Employment”, Journal of Political Economy, 108, 3, 604-631. [Jstor]

 

 

 


3.     Beyond individual characteristics: organizing for success (3 weeks)

 

a.       Incentives, ownership, control. Alliances, joint ventures

b.      Entrepreneurial finance as an organizational problem

c.       Organizational capabilities

d.      Corporate culture

 

 

Class 7                                                                                                            Sept. 20

 

Required Readings     

 

[C] “Abgenix and the Xenomouse”, HBS Case [Course Pack]

[C] “Brian Scudamore of 1-800-GOT-JUNK?

Pisano, G., 1991: “The Governance of Innovation”, Research Policy [Blackboard]

 

 

Class 8                                                                                                            Sept. 25

 

Required Reading       

 

Gibbons, R., 2005: “Incentives between Firms (and within)”, Management Science, 51, 1, 2-17. [ProQuest]

 

 

Class 9                                                                                                            Sept. 27

 

Required Readings

 

[C] “Walnut Venture Associates”, A, HBS Case. [Course Pack]

Gompers, P. and Lerner, J., 2001: “The venture capital Revolution”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, 2, 145-168. [Jstor]

 

 

 

Class 10                                                                                                          Oct. 2

 

Required Reading       

 

[C] “Whole Food Market”, HBS case. [Course Pack]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class 11                                                                                                          Oct. 4

 

Required Readings

 

Baron et al, 1999: “Engineering Bureaucracy: The Genesis of Formal Policies, Positions, and Structures in High-Technology Firms”, Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 15, 1, 1-41. [EJC]

Peteraf, M., 1993: “The Cornerstones of Competitive Advantage”, Strategic Management Journal, 14, 3, 179-191. [Jstor]

 

 

Class 12                                                                                                          Oct. 9

 

Required Readings

 

[C] Ghemawat, P. 1995: “Competitive advantage and internal organization: Nucor revisited”, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy [Blackboard]

 

Barney 1986: “Organizational Culture: Can It Be a Source of Sustained Competitive Advantage?”, Academy of Management Review, 11, 3, 656-665. [Jstor]

 

 

 

Optional readings for section 3 (pick one for your 2-page memo)

 

Baker, 1992: “Beatrice: A Study in the Creation and destruction of Value”, Journal of Finance, 47, 3, 1081-1119. [Jstor]

Henderson, R. and Cockburn, I., 1996: “Scale, Scope and Spillovers”, RAND Journal of Economics, 27, 1, 32-59. [Jstor]

Bloom, N. and Van Reenen, 2006: “Measuring Management Practices”, working paper

March, J., 1991: “Exploration and exploitation in Organizational Learning”, Organization Science, 2, 1, 71-87. [Jstor]

Nelson, R., 1991: “Why do Firms Differ and why does this Matter?”, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 61-74. [Jstor]

Liebeskind-Oliver-Zucker-Brewer, 1996: “Social Networks, learning and Flexibility: Sourcing scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology firms”, Organization Science, 7, 4, 428-443. [Jstor]

Gittelman, M. and Kogut, B., 2003: “Does Good Science Lead to Valuable Knowledge? Biotechnology Firms and the Evolutionary Logic of Citation Patterns”, Management Science, 49, 4, 366-382. [ProQuest]

 

Holmstrom, B. 1989: “Agency Costs and Innovation”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 12, 305-327. [Blackboard]

 

Kreps 1990: Corporate culture [Blackboard]

 

Hart, O., 2001: “Financial Contracting”, Journal of Economic Literature, 39, 4, 1079-1100. [Jstor]

Kortum-Lerner, 2000: “Assessing the contribution of venture capital on innovation”, RAND Journal of Economics [Jstor]

Hochberg, Y., Ljunqvist, A. and Lu., Y., 2006: Venture capital networks and investment performance, Journal of Finance, forthcoming.

Gersick, C., 1994: “Pacing strategic change: the case of a new venture”, Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1, 9-45. [Jstor]

Hsu, D, and Kenney, 2005: “Organizing venture capital”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 14, 4, 579-616. [EJC]

Hellman, T. and Puri, M., 2000: “The interaction between product and financing strategy: the role of venture capital”, Review of Financial Studies, 13, 4, 959-984.

 

 

 

 

 

4.     Beyond individual characteristics: industry and competitive analysis (1.5 weeks)

 

a.       Five forces and value chains

b.      Competition: Strategic behavior, first mover advantages, positioning

c.       Attrition games: get out of a race?

d.      Innovation races and the incumbent’s and entrant’s incentives to innovate

 

 

Class 13                                                                                                          Oct. 11

 

Required Readings

 

[C] “Keurig”, HBS Case. [Course Pack]

Porter, 1980: Competitive Strategy, Ch. 1-2, Pages 3-46 [Blackboard]

 

 

Class 14                                                                                                          Oct. 16

 

Required Readings

 

 [C] “Ikea Invades America”, HBS case. [Course Pack]

 

 

 

 

 

 

Class 15                                                                                                          Oct. 18

 

Required Readings

 

[C] “Sealed Air Corp”, HBS Case. [Course Pack]

 

 

Optional Readings for section 4 (pick one for your 2-page memo)

 

[C] Usselman, 1992: “From Novelty to Utility: George Washington in the era of Edison”, Business History Review, 66, 2, 251-304. [Jstor]

 

Rumelt, R., Schendel, D. and Teece, D., 1991: “Strategic Management and Economics”, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 5-29. [Jstor]

Saloner, G. 1991: “Modeling, Game Theory and Strategic Management”, Strategic Management Journal, 12, 119-136. [Jstor].

Yoffie, D. and Kwak, M., 2002: “Judo Strategy: 10 Techniques for Beating a Stronger Opponent”, Business Strategy Review, 13, 1, 20-30.

 

Henderson, R., 1993: “Underinvestment and Incompetence”, RAND Journal of Economics, 24, 2, 248-270. [Jstor]

Gans, J. and Stern, S. 2003,: “The product market and the market for ideas”, Research Policy, 32, 2, 333-350. [EJC]

Adner, R., 2006: “Match your Innovation Strategy to your Innovation Ecosystem”, Harvard Business Review [Course pack]

 

Matraves, C., “Market Structure, R&D and Advertising in the pharmaceutical Industry”, Journal of Industrial Economics. [Jstor]

Gans, J., Hsu, D. and Stern, S. 2002: When Does Start-Up Innovation Spur the Gale of creative destruction?, RAND, 33, 4, 571-586. [Jstor]

Barnett, William P. and Morton T. Hansen (1996) “The Red Queen in Organizational Evolution,” Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, Pp. 139-157. [Jstor]

 

Burgelman, 1994: Fading Memories: A Process Theory of Strategic Business Exit in Dynamic Environments, Administrative Science Quarterly [jstor]

 

Cool, K. and Schendel, D., 1988: “Performance differences among strategic group members”, Strategic management journal, 9, 3, 207-223. [Jstor]

 

Hellman, T. and Puri, M., 2000: “The interaction between product and financing strategy: the role of venture capital”, Review of Financial Studies, 13, 4, 959-984.

 

Christensen, C. M. & Bower, J. L. 1996. Customer power, strategic investment, and the failure of leading firms. Strategic Management Journal, 17(3): 197-218.  [Jstor]

 

T. Bresnahan, “Network Effects and Microsoft

5.     Beyond individual characteristics: industry evolution (1 week)

 

 

a.       Industry life cycles and the dynamics of young and mature industries: what consequences for entrepreneurial activities?

b.      Technology life cycles, dominant design: good framework for any industry?

 

 

Class 16                                                                                                          Oct. 25

 

Required Readings

 

Geroski, P. 1995: “What do we know about entry?”, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 13, 4, 421-440. [EJC]

McFarland, A.,: “Entrepreneurial Failure: get used to it

Corey-Capon, 1985: “Product Life Cycle”, Harvard Business Review

 

 

 

Class 17                                                                                                          Oct. 30

 

Required Readings

 

 [C] Bresnahan-Greenstein-Henderson, 2006: Making waves: The Interplay between Market Incentives and Organizational Capabilities in the Evolution of Industries, working paper.

 

 

Optional readings for section 5 (pick one for your 2-page memo)

 

 

Klepper, S., 1997: “Industry life cycles”, Industrial and Corporate Change.

Klepper, S., 2002: “Capabilities and Industry Evolution in the automobile industry”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 11, 4, 645-666. [EJC]

Klepper, S.: The Evolution of the U.S. Automobile Industry and Detroit as its Capital

Buenstorf, G. and Klepper, S: Heritage and Agglomeration: the Akron Tire Cluster Revisited

Carree, M. and Thurik, R, 2000: “The Life Cycle of the U. S. Tire Industry”, Southern Economic Journal, 67, 2, 254-278. [Jstor]

Carlsson, B.: Differing Patterns of Industrial Dynamics: New Zealand, Ohio, and Sweden, 1978—1994, Small Business Economics [EJC]

 

Geroski, P.A., 2000: “Models of technology diffusion”, Research Policy. [EJC]

 

William P. Barnett; Morten T. Hansen, 1996: “The Red Queen in Organizational Evolution”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17, pp. 139-157. [Jstor]

 

Anderson, C. and Zeithaml, C., “Stage of the Product Life Cycle, Business Strategy, and Business Performance”, The Academy of Management Journal, 27, 1, 5-24 [Jstor].

Gimeno-Folta, 1997: “Survival of the Fittest: entrepreneurial human capital and the persistence of underperforming firms”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 4, 750-783. [Jstor]

Agarwal, R.: “Survival of Firms over the Product Life Cycle”, Southern Economic Journal, 63, 3, 571-584 [Jstor].

Lilien, G. and Yoon, E., 1990: “The Timing of Competitive Market Entry: An Exploratory Study of New Industrial Products” Management Science, 36, 5, 568-585. [Jstor]

Acs, Z. and Audretsch, D., 1989: “Small-Firm Entry in US Manufacturing”, Economica, 56, 222, 255-265. [Jstor]

Agarwal, R. and Audretsch, D.:Does Entry Size Matter?: The Impact of the Life Cycle and Technology on Firm Survival”

 

 

 

 

 

6.     Institutions and entrepreneurship (2 weeks)

 

a.       Longitudinal and cross-country differences in entrepreneurial behavior and performance

b.      Financial, educational, political institutions

                                       i.      Focus on developing countries: obstacles, microfinance, “institutional entrepreneurs”

                                     ii.      Outsourcing and entrepreneurship

c.       Geography and entrepreneurship

d.      Intellectual property rights

e.       Cultural and historical roots

 

 

Class 18                                                                                                          Nov. 1

 

Required readings

 

[C] Feldman, M., 2003: ‘Fortune Favours the Prepared Region: The Case of Entrepreneurship in  the Capitol Region”, European Planning Studies. [Blackboard]

[C] Cullum, P., Padmore, L. and Purdy, M., 2002:Entrepreneurship around the Globe: Adapting to different national environments”, Accenture Outlook, pages 1-2.

Geeta, B., Kaufmann, D. and  Stone, A., 2003: “The firms speak: what the world business environment survey tells us about constraints on private sector development”, World Bank.

Link to the World business environment survey (world Bank)

 

 

 

Class 19                                                                                                          Nov. 6

 

Required readings

[C] World Bank, 2004: “Financial Systems”, World Bank Development Report, Ch. 4.

Black, S. and Strahan, P.: “Entrepreneurship and Bank Credit Availability”, Journal of Finance

 

 

Class 20                                                                                                          Nov. 8

 

Nelson, 1995: “Why Should Managers be Thinking about Technology Policy”, Strategic Management Journal, 16, 8, 581-588. [Jstor]

[C] “National Innovation Systems of China and the Asian newly industrialized economies: a comparative analysis”, HBS case. [Course Pack]

Lerner, J., 2002: 150 years of patent protection, American economic Review, 92, 2, 221-225. [Jstor]

 

 

 

Class 21                                                                                                          Nov. 13

 

Guiso, L., Sapienza, P. and Zingales, L., 2006: “Does Culture Affect Economic Outcomes?”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20, 2, 23-48. [EBSCO]

Feldman, M.: Feldman-Firm Formation in a Regional Context, Industrial and Corporate Change

Yang et al, 2006: “Institutional entrepreneurs”, American Economic Review, 96, 2, 358-362. [EBSCO]

 

 

 

Optional readings for section 6 (pick one for your 2-page memo)

 

Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S. and Robinson, J., 2004: Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of long run growth, NBER working paper.

 

Petersen-Rajan, 1995: “The effect of credit market competition on Lending relationships”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110, 2, 407-443. [Jstor]

Black, B., and Gilson, R., 1998: “Venture capital and the structure of capital markets: banks versus stock markets, Journal of Financial Economics, 47, 3, 243-277. [EJC]

Levine, R., 1997: “Financial Development and Economic Growth: Views and Agenda”, Journal of Economic Literature, 35, 2, 688-726. [Jstor]

Shleifer-Vishny, 1997: “A Survey of corporate governance”, Journal of Finance, 52, 2, 737-783. [Jstor]

Kortum-Lerner, 2000: “Assessing the contribution of venture capital on innovation”, RAND Journal of Economics [Jstor]

Van Ojen, L. and Levitzky, J., 2002: “Financing of private enterprise development in Africa”, UNIDO.

Johnson, S., McMillan, J. and Woodruff, C., 1999: et al: “Property rights, finance and entrepreneurship”, working paper.

 

Fallick, B., Fleischman, C. and Rebitzer, J., 2005: “Job Hopping in Silicon Valley”, Review of Economics and Statistics

Agrawal-Cockburn, 2003: “The anchor tenant hypothesis: exploring the role of large, local, R&D-intensive firms in regional innovation”, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 21, 9, 1227-1253. [EJC]

 

Johnson, S., Kauffman, D. and Shleifer, A., 1997: “Politics and entrepreneurship in transition economies”, working paper.

Dallago, B., 2005: “Institutions and Entrepreneurship: A Comparative Evaluation of South-Eastern Europe”.

 

[C] Cobbs, 1989: “Entrepreneurship as Diplomacy: Nelson Rockefeller and the Development of the Brazilian Capital Market”, Business History Review, 63, 1, 88-121. [Jstor]

McMillan, J. and Woodruff, C., 2002: “The central role of entrepreneurs in transition economies”, Journal of economic Perspectives, 13, 3, 153-170. [Jstor]

 

Henrekson-Rosenberg, 2001: “Designing Efficient Institutions for Science-Based Entrepreneurship: Lesson from the US and Sweden”, Journal of Technology Transfer, 26, 3, 206-231. [EJC]

Jong, S. 2006: “How organizational forms in Science shape spinoff firms”, Industrial and Corporate Change, 15, 2, 251-283. [EJC]

Gittelman, M.: National institutions, public–private knowledge flows, and innovation performance: A comparative study of the biotechnology industry in the US and France, Research Policy. [EJC]

 

Gallini, N. 2002: “The Economics of Patents: Lessons from Recent U.S. Patent Reform”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16, 2, 131-154. [Jstor]

Zucker-Darby-Brewer, 1998: “Intellectual Human Capital and the birth of the US Biotechnology Industry”, American Economic Review, 88, 1, 290-306. [Jstor]

 

Hollingsworth, R. 2000: “Doing Institutional Analysis: implications for the study of innovation”, Review of International Political Economy, 7, 4, 595-644. [EBSCO]

Amable, B., 2000: “Institutional complementarities and diversity of social systems of production and innovation”, Review of International Political Economy, 7,4, 645-687. [EBSCO]

 

Greif, A., 2005: Institutions and the Path to the Modern Economy: Lessons from Medieval Trade (chapter 1), (chapter 2)

 

 

 

 


7.     Special topic: Measurement issues (1 week)

 

a.       How to measure entrepreneurship?

b.      How to measure entrepreneurial success?

c.       How to measure the impact of entrepreneurial activity on the economy?

d.      Causality, heterogeneity

e.       What role for “luck”? How to measure it?

 

 

Class 22                                                                                                          Nov. 15

 

Required Readings

 

Hamilton 2000: JPE: “Does entrepreneurship pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self Employment”, Journal of Political Economy, 108, 3, 604-631. [Jstor]

Wong Y., 1986: “Entrepreneurship, Marriage, and Earnings”, Review of Economics and Statistics, 68, 4, 693-699. [Jstor]

 

 

Class 23                                                                                                          Nov. 20

 

Required Readings

 

Jones, B. and Olken, B., 2005: “Do Leaders Matter? National Leadership and Growth since World War II” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120, 3, 835-864. [EBSCO]

Geeta, B., Kaufmann, D. and  Stone, A., 2003: “The firms speak: what the world business environment survey tells us about constraints on private sector development”, World Bank.

Link to the World business environment survey (World Bank)

 

 

 

 

Optional readings for section 7 (pick one for your 2-page memo)

 

Angrist, J. and Krueger, A., 1991: “Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: from supply and demand to natural experiments”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, 4, 69-95. [Jstor]

Schiantarelli, F., 1996: “Financial Constraints and Investment: Methodological Issues and International Evidence”, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12, 2, 70-89. [EJC]

Villalonga, B. and Amit, 2004: “How do Family Ownership, Control and Management affect Firm Value?”, working paper.

Bertrand, M. and Schoar, A., 2003: “Managing with Style”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, 4, 1169-1208. [EBSCO]

Hamilton-Nickerson, 2003: “Correcting for endogeneity in Strategic Management research”, Strategic Organization, 1, 1, 51-78.

Shaver, J.M., 1998: Accounting for Endogeneity When Assessing Strategy Performance: Does Entry Mode Choice Affect FDI Survival?, Management Science, Vol. 44, No. 4. pp. 571-585. [Jstor]

Gompers et al., 2006: Skill vs. Luck in Entrepreneurship and Venture Capital: Evidence from Serial Entrepreneurs, NBER working paper.

 

 


8.     Special topic: family firms and founder succession (1 week)

           

 

Class 24                                                                                                          Nov. 22

 

Required Readings

 

[C] “Hancock Land Company and Hancock Lumber Company”, HBS case. [Course Pack]

[C] “Precista Tools Ag, A and B”, HBS Case. [Course Pack]

[C] Bridge, R., 2006: “Son overtake stationary dad”, The Sunday Times, July 9th.

 

 

 

Class 25                                                                                                          Nov. 27

 

Post Thanksgiving class: no readings assigned.

I will answer any question you’ll have, and each team will briefly report bout its term paper and the progress on it.

 

 

 

Class 26                                                                                                          Nov. 29

 

Required Readings

 

Bennedsen et al 2005: “Inside the Family firm: The role of families in succession decision and performance”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, forthcoming.

Millar, B., 2006: “Pick a promising protégé”, The Sunday Times, May 14th.

 

 

 

Optional  readings for section 8 (pick one for your 2-page memo)

 

Wasserman, N., 2003: “Founder-CEO Succession and the Paradox of Entrepreneurial Success”, Organization Science, 14, 2, 149-172. [ProQuest]

Villalonga, B. and Amit, 2004: “How do Family Ownership, Control and Management affect Firm Value?”, working paper.

Rafael La Porta; Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes; Andrei Shleifer, 1999: “Corporate Ownership around the WorldThe Journal of Finance, Vol. 54, No. 2. pp. 471-517. [Jstor]

Bloom-Van Reenen, 2006: “Measuring and Explaining Management Practices across firms and Countries”, working paper.

Francisco Perez-Gonzalez: Inherited Control and Firm Performance

Stanley M. Davis, 1968: “Entrepreneurial SuccessionAdministrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 402-416. [Jstor]

Danny Miller, 1993: “Some Organizational Consequences CEO SuccessionThe Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 36, No. 3. pp. 644-659. [Jstor]

William S. Schulze; Michael H. Lubatkin; Richard N. Dino; Ann K. Buchholtz, 2001: “Agency Relationships in Family Firms: Theory and Evidence”, Organization Science, Vol. 12, No. 2., pp. 99-116. [Jstor]

Anderson, R.C. et al, 2003: “Founding family ownership and the agency cost of debt” Journal of Financial Economics, 68, 263-285.

Morck, R. and Yeoung, B., 2003: “Agency Problems in Large Family Business Groups

Panunzi, F. et al., 2006: “The Performance of Italian Family Firms

Bertrand, M. and Schoar, A., 2006: “The impact of family on family firms”, Journal of economic Perspectives, 20, 2, 73-96. [EBSCO]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

9.      Special topic: what is the role of new ventures? Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship (1 week)

 

Class 27                                                                                                          Dec. 4

 

Required Readings

 

[C] “3M Optical Systems: Managing Corporate Entrepreneurship”. [Course Pack]

 

 

 

Class 28                                                                                                          Dec. 6

 

Required Readings

 

[C] Tripsas, M. and Gavetti, G., 2000: “Capabilities, Cognition, Inertia: Evidence from Digital Imaging”, Strategic Management Journal, 21, 10, 1147-1161. [Jstor]

 

Dushnitsky, G. and Lenox. M., 2005: “When do incumbents learn from entrepreneurial ventures?”, Research Policy, 34, 615-639.

 

 

 

 

 

Optional Readings for section 9 (pick one for your 2-page memo)

 

Gompers et al., 2005: “Entrepreneurial Spawning: Public Corporations and the Genesis of New Ventures, 1986 to 1999”, Journal of Finance, 60, 2, 577-614. [EJC]

Henderson, R., 1993: “Underinvestment and Incompetence”, RAND Journal of Economics, 24, 2, 248-270. [Jstor]

Bruce R. Barringer, Allen C. Bluedorn, 1999: “The relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and strategic management”, Strategic Management Journal

Robert Gertner; Eric Powers; David Scharfstein, 2002: “Learning about Internal Capital Markets from Corporate Spin-offsThe Journal of Finance, Vol. 57, No. 6, pp. 2479-2506. [Jstor]

Bouchard, V., 2002: “Corporate Entrepreneurship: Lessons from the Field